English Only Movement in New York State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

English Only Movement in New York State - Essay Example Senate voted on two separate amendments to make English the national language and to make it the common unifying language of the country. U.S. English, an advocate group for "Official English" summarizes their belief that "the passage of English as the official language will help to expand opportunities for immigrants to learn and speak English, the single greatest empowering tool that immigrants must have to succeed". Even though many states in the United states have passed legislations stating english as official language, New york does not seem to have one yet. Thus, it can be seen that there are several advocates of this movement. However, there are several ill-effects of this on the education of language minority students, besides others. In this essay, we will first examine the ideologies underlying the English-Only movement, then review the consequences of it on the education in New York. The advisability of legislation mandating an official language policy is hardly a new issue, but one that has been debated throughout the history of the United States. Crawford (1992) in his book, Language Loyalties, summarizes the opposing views on this topic, as follows: "For supporters, the case is obvious: English has always been our common language, a means of resolving conflicts in a nation of diverse racial, ethnic, and religious groups. The Reaffirming the preeminence of English means reaffirming of a unifying force in American life. Moreover, English is an essential tool of social mobility and economic advancement. The English Language Amendment would "send a message" to immigrants, encouraging them to join in rather than remain apart, and to government, cautioning against policies which could retard English acquisition. For opponents, Official English is synonymous with English-Only: a mean-spirited attempt to coerce Anglo-conformity by terminating essential services in other languages. The amendment poses a threat to civil rights, educational opportunities and free speech, even in the private sector. It is an insult to the heritage of cultural minorities, including groups whose roots in this country go deeper than English speakers Mexican A mericans, Puerto Ricans, and American Indians. Worst of all, the English-Only movement serves to justify racist and nativity biases under the cover of American patriotism". THE SCENARIO OF EDUCATION IN NEW YORK By the year 2010, over thirty percent of all school-age children will come from homes in which the primary language is not English. Though we tend to think of immigrants settling in primarily urban areas, large numbers of recently arrived families live in rural and suburban communities. In New York City alone, there are more than one hundred languages represented in public school classrooms. The same phenomenon is the norm in many areas of the country. In Rochester, Minnesota schools serve students speaking over 60 different languages. Some of the most common languages spoken by students in these classrooms include Spanish, Korean, Cantonese, Mandarin, and other dialects of Chinese, Haitian-Creole, and Russian. The educational predicament of students of limited English proficiency has been a focus of policymakers and the courts for almost 30 years. According to federal law, and under many state laws, if students cannot participate meaningfully and

Abortion and Religious Aspects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Abortion and Religious Aspects - Essay Example However, the main question is what leads to most of the women in committing abortion. Some of the religious leaders claim that American politics plays a major role in enhancing a great number of women to commit abortion. For example, Mary Meehan claims in a journal published last year that many liberals in America support abortion for political gains (Meehan 1). Meehan illustrates that the liberals claim that women ought to have the right to abort at their will in order to have equality especially in employment (Meehan 16). Apart from politics, religious organizations, for example, the Catholics claim that abortion is a result of poverty, poor health care and unemployment (Cahill 189). Cahill also mentions that these factors also tend to be a major hindrance when the organizations try to curb the act of abortion in the country. However, even after the arguments that occur relating to abortion, religious organizations stand on their main objective that everyone has a right to live (Gardoski 54). Abortion tends to be one of the central aspects of the discussion that emerges especially during the election period. This is because some people support the act by pointing out various reasons while others oppose. However, religious organizations have clearly come out to demonstrate their side on this issue and they totally oppose the act. The main issue that everyone including the government should consider is figuring out the main reasons that lead to abortion in order to curb the activity.

Violence Women Pakistan

Violence Women Pakistan Media briefing: Violence against women in Pakistan Subject: [women-rights] Media briefing: Violence against women in Pakistan Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 18:18:11 +0100 * News Release Issued by the International Secretariat of Amnesty International * 16 April 2002 ASA 33/010/2002 62/02 The government of Pakistan vigorously condemns the practice of so-called honour killings. Such acts do not find a place in our religion or law. Killing in the name of honour is murder and will be treated as such. General Pervez Musharraf, April 2000 Introduction Women in Pakistan are severely disadvantaged and discriminated against. Violence against women in the home and community as well as in the custody of law enforcement officials is on the rise. The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) found that in 2000 a woman was raped every two hours, and that hundreds were victims of honour killings, domestic violence, burnings and murder. While a few positive changes have taken place over the last couple of years, the government is still failing to protect women from these abuses. Many cases receive media attention and the involvement of human rights organizations, but they are quickly forgotten. Other women suffer abuses in silence for years, die violent deaths and get buried in unmarked graves. Womens awareness of their rights has increased thanks to the work of Pakistani womens rights groups. However most women remain ignorant of even their most basic rights. A newspaper survey in 2000 reported that almost 90% of women did not realise that they had any rights at all. In its fifth report on women in Pakistan, Amnesty International summarizes the current governments commitments to uphold womens rights, describes cases of abuses in the community, in the home and in custody and the failure of the criminal justice system. The report also sets out recommendations. Family and community Domestic violence, which includes physical abuse, rape, acid throwing, burning and killing, is widespread in Pakistan. Few women would complain under legal provisions relating to physical injury. For those who do take the step, police and the judiciary usually dismiss their complaints and send them back to their abusive husbands. Very poor women, women from religious minorities and women bonded labourers are particularly vulnerable to violence in the community and home. According to the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, over 90% of married women report being kicked, slapped, beaten or sexually abused when husbands were dissatisfied by their cooking or cleaning, or when the women had failed to bear a child or had given birth to a girl instead of a boy. Another organization stated that one woman is murdered and one woman is kidnapped in Pakistan every day. ? The case of Shukria On 22 October 2001, Sharif in village Goharpur, Sheikhupura district, Punjab province, tied his wife Shukrias wrists and ankles with rope, poured kerosene over her and with the help of his mother and sister set her on fire. The couple had been married for ten years. As they remained childless, Sharif wanted to marry another woman but Shukria did not agree to this. Neighbours tried to rescue Shukria but she died shortly afterwards in hospital. Women continue to die painful deaths in so-called stove burn accidents in the kitchen. The HRCP estimates that less that 20% of deaths lead to arrests and most suspects are released within days. Acid-throwing is on the increase. Acid burns do not usually kill but result in hideous disfiguration and suffering, destruction of self-esteem, and confine women to the home. The government has done little to restrict the sale of acid or to punish those who use it to injure women. Forced marriage of young girls continues to be reported despite a legal minimum age of 16. While slavery is illegal in Pakistan, girls and women continue to be traded to settle debts or conflicts. In Sukkur in 2000, a six-year-old girl was married to a 60-year-old man when her family was unable to repay a debt. According to newspaper reports the marriage was consummated and the little girl screamed loudly for hours after the rape. A form of forced marriage specific to the interior of Sindh province is the marriage of girls and women to the Quran. This keeps the womans share of property in the family as she will have no children to pass it on to. Human rights organizations report that there are currently over 5000 women married to the Quran in Sindh. Pakistan is both a country of origin and a transit country for the trafficking of women for domestic labour, forced marriage and prostitution. This form of slavery is organized by crime networks that span South Asia. The open sale of girls and women in markets is reported in underdeveloped areas such as parts of Balochistan. Some women, both local and trafficked, are killed if they refuse to earn money in prostitution. Some are forced into prostitution by their husbands. Journalist Sufi Mohammad Khan from Badin, Sindh, was killed on 2 May 2001 after reporting extensively about trafficking in drugs and women in the Tharparkar area of Sindh which happened with the connivance of apathetic authorities. He reported that some 70 women have been kidnapped in Sindh and Punjab, detained by the Arbab feudal family and forced into prostitution. The journalist was bribed and threatened by members of the family. Honour killings Honour killings are carried out by men who assume that their wives, daughters or sisters have in some way contravened norms relating to the behaviour of women which reflect on and damage a mans honour. Often the grounds for such assumptions can be very flimsy and amount to nothing more than a suspicion about a womans fidelity. Men are also known to have felt shamed if their women seek divorce or become the victims of rape. The exact number of honour killings is impossible to ascertain as many go unreported. Media and human rights organizations estimate that three women are murdered each day. In 2000, the HRCP recorded over 1000 honour killings in Punjab alone. Prosecution of honour killings is lax and only a few men have been convicted. In the higher levels of government and the judiciary, honour killings are recognised as a serious problem. The government of Pakistan has condemned honour killings as murder and a seminar in Karachi in April 2001 looked at problems of redress in honour crime cases. However no action has followed and honour killings continue to be reported daily. In December 2000, three brothers overpowered their sister-in-law, Anila, sprinkled kerosene on her clothes and set her on fire in a village near Sukkur when they suspected her of infidelity. Her father rescued her and took her to hospital where, with 85% burns, she died. In early 2001, Mir Afzal cut off the nose of his wife Amroz Khatoon in Karachi as he suspected her of infidelity. He then attempted to kill her but neighbours alerted by the noise interceded. Police arrested the man and his accomplices but Amroz Khatoon has received threats to her life if she pursues her complaint. In March 2001, a 60-year-old widow, Hidayat Khatoon, and 55-year-old Baksh Ali were killed by the widows son in Chandan village, district Sukkur. When the son surrendered to police, he said that he had been teased by villagers over his mothers alleged affair and had therefore killed both. In July 2001, 16-year-old Shoukat Labano in Sukkur district, shot dead his mother Rahima (33) when he suspected her of an affair. Increasingly honour killings involve not only the woman but several other family members. In November 2000, Mohammed Umar Magsi killed his 11-year-old daughter with an axe because he suspected her of having an affair. When his wife and younger daughter tried to intervene, he killed them as well. On 8 January 2001, Riaz Ahmed axed to death his wife, three daughters and two sons, because he suspected his wife of adultery. On 16 January 2002, Jamal threw hand grenades into his father-in-laws house when his wife refused to return to him, killing five of her relatives and injuring eight. The HRCP has observed that increasingly young boys are forced to attack or kill sisters who are opposed to a forced marriage. Afterwards the boys are formally pardoned by their fathers which allows them to go free. The emergence of fake honour killings is a worrying new trend. There is a pattern of men accusing their wives of being dishonourable with wealthy men purely for financial gain. The wife is declared kari (black woman, one who brings shame) and is killed. The suspected man is made to pay off the husband and he is pardoned. In a few cases, women have begun to resist violence in the name of honour. A young woman escaped death when she fought her husband. The local landlord held a jirga (tribal council) which established her innocence and asked the husband to apologise and take her back. Women who marry men of their own choice are often seen to damage their familys honour; they are frequently detained by their parents, forcibly married to someone else, threatened, humiliated, assaulted or killed. If a couple marry in court against the will of their parents, and the parents challenge the union, they can be charged with illicit sexual relations under the Zina Ordinance (which prohibits sex outside marriage). Newly-weds are advised to have their marriage confirmed by a magistrate and seek shelter with friends for some time. In many cases families accept the fact of marriage but sometimes their sense of shame is not appeased. Robina and Khushi Mohammad were killed in May 2000 by Robinas uncle and two brothers over two years after their wedding they had been in hiding but had finally returned to the husbands home. Custodial violence Physical abuse of women in custody continues to be rife in Pakistan. Despite promises of police reform, police continue to use torture to intimidate, harass and humiliate detainees to extract money or information. Women are subjected to gender-specific abuses including sexual harassment, public undressing and parading, and rape. Conditions of detention for women are also of grave concern. State inaction In April 2000, President Musharraf made a range of commitments to protect womens rights. Since then, there have been many positive signals and pronouncements but little effective change. The authorities are often aware of a series of abuses and do not intervene. Some officials prevent women from accessing the criminal justice system and seeking redress. Some court judgments over the past year-and-a-half have adequately protected womens rights while others have treated women as a mans property. This inconsistency indicates that the law is not being equally applied and the gender bias of individual judges is determining whether a woman is protected or not. Police confronted with complaints of domestic violence are known to refuse to register the complaint, to humiliate the victim or to have advised the battered woman to return home. Even the staff of state womens shelters frequently advise women to accept reconciliation and return home. Conviction rates for rape are very low. Police rarely respond adequately as they side with local people with influence who are involved in the crime. Women frequently dont seek redress out of shame but also because of the possibility of being accused of Zina if they cannot establish absence of consent. Recommendations Amnesty Internationals report makes recommendations which are well within the powers of the Government of Pakistan to implement and do not require a huge investment of resources. They do require political will and the determination that violence against women is unacceptable and cannot be allowed to continue. However, underlying the abuses suffered by women is a discrimination perpetuated by society as a whole. In this regard, everyone has a role to play ?government, political parties, religious groups, all elements of civil society and individuals. Everyone has a responsibility to commit themselves to the equality of all human beings, irrespective of gender. The recommendations include: The government should clearly and publicly condemn all acts of violence against women. It should develop policies and disseminate materials to promote womens safety in the home and community and in detention. The government should prohibit all acts of violence against women and establish legal protection. It should review existing laws, including the Zina law and the qisas and diyat law. Investigate all allegations of violence against women and prosecute and punish those found to be responsible. For a copy of the report please visit Report: www.web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/index/asa330062002

King Phillip :: essays research papers

King of Spain, only son of the Emperor Charles V, and Isabella of Portugal, b. at Valladolid, 21 May, 1527; d. at the Escorial, 13 Sept., 1598. He was carefully educated in the sciences, learned French and Latin, though he never spoke anything but Castilian, and also showed much interest in architecture and music. In 1543 he married his cousin, Maria of: Portugal, who died at the birth of Don Carlos (1535). He was appointed regent of Spain with a council by Charles V. In 1554 he married Mary Tudor, Queen of England, who was eleven years his senior. This political marriage gave Spain an indirect influence on affairs of England, recently restored to Catholicism; but in 1555 Philip was summoned to the Low Countries, and Mary's death in the same year severed the connection between the two countries. At a solemn conference held at Brussels, 22 Oct., 1555, Charles V ceded to Philip the Low Countries, the crowns of Castille, Aragon, and Sicily, on 16 Jan., 1556, and the countship of Burgun dy on the tenth of June. He even thought of securing for him the imperial crown, but the opposition of his brother Ferdinand caused him to abandon that project. Having become king, Philip, devoted to Catholicism, defended the Faith throughout the world and opposed the progress of heresy, and these two things are the key to his whole reign. He did both by means of absolutism. His reign began unpleasantly for a Catholic sovereign. He had signed with France the Treaty of Vaucelles (5 Feb., 1556), but it was soon broken by France, which joined Paul IV against him. Like Julius II this pope longed to drive the foreigners out of Italy. Philip had two wars on his hands at the same time, in Italy and in the Low Countries. In Italy the Duke of Alva, Viceroy of Naples, defeated the Duke of Guise and reduced the pope to such distress that he was forced to make peace. Philip granted this on the most favourable terms and the Duke of Alva was even obliged to ask the pope's pardon for having invade d the Pontifical States. In the Low Countries Philip defeated the French at Saint Quentin (1557) and Gravelines (1558) and afterwards signed the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis (3 April, 1559), which was sealed by his marriage with Elizabeth of Valois, daughter of Henry II.

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay

Leonardo da Vinci was inarguably a great mind of the Renaissance, a period of European civilisation where revival of classical learning and wisdom took place after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. He was an Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose talents reflected the diversity of achievements of the Italian Renaissance. With his outstanding versatility, Leonardo has often been described as a universal genius of the Renaissance, the fame that has remained undimmed as a result of his great desire for knowledge. His Last Supper and Mona Lisa are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance, and they gained worldwide fame only after his death. However, he was far from prolific, as only 17 of his paintings, many of which remained unfinished, have been identified. In addition to art, Leonardo studied a wide range of scientific topics including anatomy, geology, botany, hydraulics and aerodynamics. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrammes show how he understood the world. Leonardo used an observational approach to study science. In this approach, he considered his eyes to be his main avenue to knowledge, and sight alone could convey the facts of experience immediately and correctly. Leonardo also considered a painter as the person best qualified to achieve true knowledge because he could closely observe, understand and then carefully reproduce the world around him through art. Leonardo once said, â€Å"Whatever exists in the universe, a painter has first in his mind and then in his hands.† In addition to Leonardo’s unique approach and concept, his superb intellect and mastery of the art of drawing to study nature itself allowed his dual pursuits of art and science to develop. Leonardo’s scientific and technical observations are found in his handwritten notebooks or manuscripts, the greatest literary legacy he left to the world. The notebooks also equal the importance of his paintings as the pages reveal his inventions of machines such as the bicycle, airplane, helicopter and parachute. His findings of anatomy, which were among the most significant achievements of the Renaissance science, are also portrayed in the famous anatomical drawings in the notebooks. Leonardo also shared his thoughts on the nature of painting which has become a contribution to later generations of artists. More interestingly, what he wrote and sketched also gave an insight into his approach to life because in these notebooks, he also wrote his grocery lists and even the names of his debtors.One special feature that makes Leonardo’s notes and sketches unusual is his use of mirror writing. The handwriting is so peculiar that the task of deciphering the notes would requi re great effort. The aid of a mirror in reading reversed handwriting appears to be available only for the first experimental reading. The persistent use of it is impractical, considering the enormous mass of manuscripts to be read. Leonardo’s handwriting, which runs from right to left in inseparable writing, is illegible, and this unusualness in the writing is not the only obstacle in mastering the text. Leonardo also joined several short words into a long one or divided a long word into two short words. This arbitrary way of writing is not aided by punctuation to regulate the division and construction of the sentences; therefore, it is not surprising that some attempts to understand Leonardo’s handwriting would fail. Why was such odd handwriting used by Leonardo? Although a popular belief is that Leonardo intended some amount of secrecy, it might also be due to Leonardo’s left-handedness. Another unusual feature in Leonardo’s manuscripts is the relationship between words and pictures. As Leonardo emphasised, drawings are superior to words. Leonardo strove passionately for a language tha t was clear yet expressive. The wealth of his vocabulary was the result of intense study on his own and represented a significant contribution to the development of scientific terms in the Italian language. Despite his articulateness, Leonardo gave absolute preference to the drawing over the written word in his own approach. The drawing does not illustrate the text; rather, the text serves to explain the drawing. Leonardo’s work was a pioneer of modern scientific illustration. His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of their time. However, he neither taught nor published his findings, and almost none of his inventions were built during his lifetime. If his work had been published in an intelligible form which others were able to understand, Leonardo’s place as a pioneering scientist would not be questioned. If his inventions had been built, they might have revolutionised the history of technology. The wealth of Leonardo’s anatomical studies that have survived also shapes the basic principles of modern scientific illustration. From observing the static structure of the human body, Leonardo continued to study the role of individual parts of the body in mechanical activity. He drew parts of the human body in three-dimensional diagrammes. He became the first person to accurately draw a child in the womb. His aim was to record the birth, life, and death of man in his Treatise on Anatomy which begun in 1489. However, his work was never published. Adapted from Heydenrejch, L.H. (n.d.). Leonardo da Vinci. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/leonardo-da-vinci.| 1510152025303540455055606570|

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner

In a Rose for Emily, William Faulkner uses a variety of imagery and flashbacks to show the kind of woman Miss Emily is. The towns’ people all know of her based off their accounts and what they have heard of her home. Miss Emily was created to be an exceptional female figure. Feminists have fought for the right of women to be free from the old social restraints which have been in place for so long. A feminist believes a woman should be strong and independent. In some ways the main character, Emily, is this kind of woman, but for the most part she is portrayed as weak and fragile, though she is not.Miss Emily was pretty much a rebel. Miss Emily had written letters from the Mayor and other officials about taxes, which she ignored because she had â€Å"no taxes in Jefferson†. Miss Emily had a Negro house maid, which the mayor Colonel Satoris sought to be wrong. Colonel Satoris definitely proved to be sexist in many ways. Satoris believed â€Å"only women could believe itâ € , speaking about lies that only the men in the town could know the truth too about Emily’s dad. Emily was the ruler of the house, which was beyond social norms in that time. Being the one who ran the house, the woman banished the Mayor, townspeople, and sheriffs from her house. Faulkner proves Miss Emily’s power in many ways throughout the text.

Franchising

Franchising Introduction In the business world, there are many ways of getting into business. These entry areas vary depending on the type of the business. The interest of the businessperson is also a major factor. As such, many people wishing to get into business seek one of the many avenues that are open to them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Franchising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This includes business models such as sole proprietorship and business partnerships. A person can also enter into mergers or form a limited liability company among others. One of the most effective ways of getting into business is through franchising. There is a conclusive argument that this is one of the most effective ways of getting into business. In the corporate world today, getting into an entirely new business is very difficult due to the many entry inhibitors facing the corporate world. These include difficulties in raising the necess ary fees like business permits and the all-important capital. There are also many other statutory requirements. In case of a partnership, such requirements as articles of association or memorandum of association may be one of the requirements that the state demands to authenticate any entry into partnership (Michael and Hitt, 2010). In the case of a company, depending on whether it is Limited Liability Company or liability company, the entry requirement is a tiring task. So what is franchising? A franchise refers a privilege given to an individual or a group of people to be able to market or sell products or services of a certain enterprise within a certain location/locations. In other words, franchising means the rights granted to a person or a group of people by a certain company to use its name or trademark in marketing and distributing its goods and services. In the today’s corporate world, there are popular franchises. The most famous are the McDonalds, domino’s p izza, subway etc. Advantages of Franchising There are many types of franchising. They have come with their unique characteristics and this depends on their suitability to the franchising party. Their different types could be the reasons it has been argued that franchising is the most efficient and innovative form of business yet devised to distribute products and services.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because of the success of the franchising form of business in the food industry, many people have come to associate franchising with only fast food like the MacDonald and the domino’s pizza. This is however not the case because a part from being a success in the fast food business, franchising has also been a success in other fields such as the finance automotive, cleaning and maintenance health etc. In the introduction of this paper, we began by conclusivel y saying that franchising is a major growth area for business and as such, the most efficient and innovative form of business yet devised to distribute products and services. In order for us to conclude this way, it is paramount about our reasoning that we look at how franchising work so that when we say that franchising is the major growth rate for business our utterance shall hold water. It is from understanding the working of franchise shall we then come to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of franchising (Noora et al. 2005). In franchising, there are some important concepts that one has to understand. These are the franchisee and the franchisor. We ask ourselves, who are these? In clear terms, a franchisee is the individual who embarks on purchasing and consequently running a franchise. On the other hand, a franchisor is the person from whom the franchisee buys the franchise. In order for the franchise to work, there are always some rules and regulations that the franc hisee must adhere to. These in most of the time are the established rules of e.g. the company from whom the franchisee is buying the franchise (Scarborough, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Franchising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order for the franchisee to be fully been incorporated in the franchising company, payment of a certain fee called franchising royalty is necessary. In today’s corporate world, like mentioned earlier, franchising is one of the most fashionable ways of getting to do or enter into business. It is quite popular in the marketplace. From the 1850s when Isaac singer invented his sawing machines and started selling licenses to entrepreneurs to be able to distribute his machines to date when you cannot walk many blocks without coming across a franchise, we realize that franchising has come to revolutionize the business scene. It has come to help the individual entrepreneurs to be in business for themselves but actually not for themselves. The ideas behind being in a franchise rather than trying other forms of entry into business such as buy out or starting an entirely new business lies on the fact that in franchise there is always already proven business formula and structure that is in place. This therefore presents a high possibility of success for an individual opening a business than to the one who is getting into start up or other forms of business entry. This is further proven by the fact that in franchise, the products and services that one wants to deal with are already in the market and are already established.a good example of this is for a person wanting to get into pizza business.he can choose to buy a franchise from the domino’s pizza. His pizza business will perform well because the new entrant into the pizza business will meet an already established market (Beer, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This then saves the franchisee the problem of having to incur cost of introducing his products or services, cost that could include advertising and distribution. The reason as to why this form of business is revolutionary in the corporate world is that, the corporate image and the awareness of the bland of the company selling the franchise is already there. A new entrant in the market then does not make expenditures in trying to establish his new bland. This is because, the products or services are already known to the consumers, they continue purchasing the products or services since they are familiar with them. This is an evident advantage of franchising. It makes it appealing to franchise as they are saved the problem of convincing the consumers to buy their goods. A person wanting to get into hotel and hospitality industry may take years before establishing his industry. However, buying a franchise of established hotels like Day Inn and Supper 8 will prove beneficial in establis hing his hotel. (Christensen, 2006). Most of the franchisees are new entrants into the corporate world. In most of the time, they have little or no experience in running the business they are starting. In other cases, they are merely equipped with only the theory from the school. In such a case, franchising becomes a useful tool in gaining some knowledge about the business. This is because the franchisor in most of the time provides wide-range preparation and support to the franchisee. As such, this becomes a strategy beneficial to the franchisee since he is not faced with risks of making mistakes caused by doing guesswork in running the business. In clearly analyzing franchising as an effective way of getting into business, we realize that in franchising a lot of useful time is saved. This is because the business model and the franchise company already is in place and thus the time the individual in establishing the model of a new business is saved could use that. Because the franc hisee gets into an already existing company, he is in a position to concentrate in the successful running of the business. Starting an entirely new business offering financial services may prove difficult due to the many logistics involved. However, by choosing to buy a franchise from established firms like HR Block will help the new entrants in establishing his business. This is because such a firm is already established. Therefore, it has curved its niche among the customers (Zutshi, 2010). Because the franchise runs for a specific time and operates within a specific location, a franchisee can then aim at managing many of such locations. In franchising, the entry and exit becomes another advantage that makes this form of business be considered as a major growth area in business. Franchise can last from five to thirty years. One can then chose short franchise so that if it does not work the franchisee can then chose to exit into other forms of business. In addition to this, there a re no laws that demand the profitability of the franchisor be displayed. This however could at times be listed in the franchise disclosure document (FDD).but like said earlier it is not necessary. To a franchisee, this is an advantage because if the franchising company is not making profits, the franchisee can opt to quit from that franchise and seek for an alternative performing franchisor with little embarrassments. The franchisor offers national and international advertising. This too including other support services is provided to the new entrants into the business world. Franchise brokers offers services that come in handy to help the franchisee to seek the most appropriate franchise. Such a franchisee seeking to get into business can enlist the servicers of master franchisors who can then work to help the franchisee in obtaining rights to sub franchise in the location (Millmore, 2007). Franchising has been seen as the most effective and innovative form of business devised to d istribute products and service bases on the fact that franchising like explained here above is based on a proven idea. The franchisee is in a position to check and prove the success of The Company before committing resources. In so doing, the franchisee can compare between different franchisors and then chose the best according to his interests. The availability of established and recognized brand names makes his entry into business easier. As opposed to businesses such as start ups, buying a franchise proves to be helpful to the franchisee as he can enjoy the protected reputation of the franchisor. This legal and procedural protection includes legal departments set aside to handle legal issues such as lawsuits. It also takes care of difficulties with the employees. Having the protection of the franchisor is an important factor that can keep the franchisee surviving in the corporate world as with it come the positive expectations that keep the customers loyal to the products or the services offered by the franchisee. This benefit in addition to the already established body of legal protection is an important factor in the success of the new franchise (Bowles, 2011). Getting into start up for example may prove very challenging. Before a start up establishes enough to command recognition by the customers, it may take many years of continued effort in advertising. This problem is however solved by getting into franchise. In the today’s corporate world, people want a guarantee on the product and services they are purchasing. As such, recognition across the board (name, brand etc) gives the company assurance. This is exactly what the company might be looking for. Name recognition in the corporate world is very important because it creates the confidence in the customers such that they always know that they will always be assured of the product or services they are looking for. Franchising is aimed at risk minimization. To reduce this, the franchise investmen t enables the franchisees to thoroughly research on the franchisor before he commits any investment are made. The franchisee is able to acquire detailed information from other franchisees and this enables the franchisee to try on various businesses before purchases it. Concerning the risks mitigation efforts of a franchise, therefore, we find that franchising reduces the risks associated with business considerably. An example of this is getting in printing and postal services. This kind of business will require a lot of capital and knowledge on how to run the business. Committing resources to this kind of business without enough capital or information is a risky phenomenon. As such, buying franchise from firms like park mail will help save on such risks. Because of the group purchasing ability provided by a number franchises, franchisees are able to procure commodities and stores supply at a comparatively lesser cost from the franchisor. This too serves to make the argument that fra nchising is a major growth area for business. In franchising, a uniform system of operation is provided. The franchisee uses this factor to his advantage. As such, a uniform system of operation enables the consumers to acquire products and services of quality efficiently and at an effective cost. This in turn brings the benefit of growing the purchasing ability and the customer brand loyalty. It also brings brand identification among the potential markets. The franchisee capitalizes on this factor to establish himself in the business (Hanson et al. 2011). It has come to help the individual entrepreneurs to be in business for themselves but actually not for themselves. The ideas behind being in a franchise rather than trying other forms of entry into business such as buy out or starting an entirely new business lies on the fact that in franchise there is always already proven business formula and structure that is in place. Disadvantages In this paper, I have looked at the factors th at make franchise be considered as the major growth area in business. The above arguments have been made after a careful weighing of the shortcoming of franchising. The weighing of both the merits and the demerits of the franchise has left us with the weigh inclined to the merits. The shortcoming that could challenge this form of business could be the fact that the initial cost of purchasing franchise is high. As such, the cost may be higher than one expects. Franchising may come with detrimental strings attached. For example, the franchisee might be forced to buy products from the franchisor. This may then make the franchisee look a slave to the franchisor, as he cannot seek for other suppliers offering better deals. The above argument lies on the fact that the franchise agreement has restrictions on how the business will be operated. In such a case therefore, the franchisee is in no position of playing effectively in the dynamic local market. In case the franchisor goes out of the market, the franchisee is left like an orphan. It may take years to fully re-establish him in the business again as the franchisee fully depends on the success of the franchisor. This includes all the logistics involving the successful running of the business like advertising, legal processes, training etc (Carnal, 2007). In franchising, another important factor worth noting, which could be detrimental to the running of the franchise, is the fact that all profits, which include a certain percentage of all the sales made, are shared with the franchisor. This sometimes is done to the benefit of the franchisor leading to low profits on the part of the franchisee. On the other hand, a franchisee wishing to sell his franchise can only do so with the approval of the franchisor. This too is a demerit of franchising because, though the franchisee claims to own the business, he can do very little without the approval of the franchisor. A franchise is not flexible. Conclusion In conclusion, therefore, though demerits of franchising are there, it remains to be an effective way of getting into business. The various merits make this form of starting business be popular, unlike other forms like start up. It therefore turns out that franchising is a major growth area for business. As seen in this paper its disadvantages compared to its demerits, in comparison with other types of businesses are many. As such, we can conclusively say that franchising is a revolutionary approach to business. Effective strategies in this line of business can prove to be a benefit for new entrants in the business world and to established businesspersons wishing to venture into new areas or diversify in their current work. We can then conclusively say that ,in the corporate world today, franchising is an effective and innovative form of business yet devised to distribute products and services and as such a major growth area for business. Reference List Beer, M. (1999) Readings in Human Resource M anagement. New York: Free Press. Bowles, M. (2011)  External Environment. The Institute For Working Futures. Web. Available from:  marcbowles.com/publications.html   . Carnal, C. (2007) Managing Change in Organizations. Essex: Pearson Education. Christensen, R. (2006) Roadmap to Successful Strategic HR Management. New York: American Management Association. Hanson, D. et al. (2011) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization. Southbank, Victoria: Cengage. Michael A. Hitt, R. D. (2010) Strategic Management: Competitive and Globalization, Concepts. London: Wiley. Millmore, M. (2007) Strategic Human Resource Management: Contemporary Issues. Essex: Pearson Education. Noora, et al. (2005) The International Business Environments of Franchising in Russia. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 12.3: 2-3. Scarborough, N. M. (2010) Effective Small Business Management an Entrepreneurial Approach. London: Wiley. Zutshi, S. (2010) Property Magic 2010: How to Buy Property Using O ther Peoples Time, Money and Experience. Wiley: London.

A Legendary Super Bowl XLIX Party

A Legendary Super Bowl XLIX Party Even if you aren’t a big football fan, the Superbowl is about way more than just the Patriots and the Seahawks. This year’s Superbowl is the best excuse to turn February 1st into the most epic party you have ever thrown. All you need is some great food, some cool decorations, and a handful of grown-up party games to make this year’s Superbowl one that will live in infamy forever! Super(Bowl)snacks The most important thing for any good Superbowl party is the food. Of course, you’ll need to have wings and chips, but you need something spectacular to set your party apart from the competition. Consider some of these delicious options: Bacon-Wrapped Jalapeno Poppers All you need for this recipe is a half cup of cream cheese, a half cup of Sharp Cheddar, a few jalapenos, and a package of bacon. Mix your cheeses together and then cut your jalapenos in half, long-ways. Fill up the insides with the cheese mixture and close them up again. Wrap the up in bacon and pop those babies in the oven at 400 degrees for 15 minutes. Instant mouth party! Spicy Meatball Sliders These are so simple and delicious, you’ll be making them long after game day’s come and gone. Grab your favorite packaged meatballs – some of our favorites are Cooked Perfect by Home Market Foods (Walmart) and Armour Homestyle Meatballs (Sam’s Club) – and a can of your favorite marinara sauce. Then, grab a few mini-hamburger buns and a package of pepper-jack cheese. Warm up your meatballs and sauce while you toast your tiny hamburger buns in the oven or toaster. Put a meatball and a dab of sauce on each bun, then cover with a half slice of cheese. Voila! A perfectly delicious slider. Football Cake Pops It’s not really a party without cake. For your epic Superbowl party, make it even more fun with cake on a stick! All you need is a boxed cake mix, vanilla frosting, semi-sweet and white chocolate chips, and popsicle sticks. Just bake your cake as directed, then cool and crumble into small pieces. Mix the crumbles with  ½ cup of frosting and make into football shapes. Melt your bag of chocolate chips with 2 tablespoons oil. Then, spear your football cake balls and dip into the melted chocolate mixture. Let cool and drizzle melted white chocolate on top. They’re fast, delicious, and so adorable that everyone will be talking about them for weeks to come. Super(Bowl)style It doesn’t have to be expensive or difficult to make your dorm room or apartment the perfect pad for an unforgettable Superbowl party. All you really need is some creativity, some basic supplies, and a couple of hours! Yard Line Tablecloth Make your serving or coffee table look just like the football field in less than 10 minutes. Grab some brown wrapping paper, or old Christmas wrapping paper that has a white back. Then, cover your table with the plain side up. Now, use a ruler to mark out yard lines. This is great for discussing plays, playing finger football, and just making your room look cool. Astroturf Coasters Grab yourself some astroturf from ondecksports.com (about $1 per square foot), and cut out circles or football shapes to use as coasters. You can also use it for a doormat or accents on your serving table. Super(Bowl)fun One of the great things about the Superbowl is that it can be a lot of fun, even if you’re not a huge football fan. Whether you’re in it to win it, or you just want to have a couple of laughs, here are some epic Superbowl activities that will keep your party live all night long. Superbowl Taboo This is a really fun drinking game that will ensure your guests are invested in the game. When your guests arrive, hand each a card with a word, phrase, or action on it that is sure to be used throughout the evening. Then, as the game begins, have each guest read their card aloud. Then, as the word, action, or phrase is mentioned throughout the game, that person must drink. Some ideas include: Words: Penalty, Turnover, Green Bay, Seachickens, Colts Phrase: â€Å"That’s gotta hurt,† â€Å"Let’s see that one more time,† â€Å"What’s your major?† Actions: Kicker misses, A coach’s face turns rage-purple, A guest asks where the bathroom is Superbowl Bingo The commercials are often one of the best parts of a Superbowl, and you can use this to your party’s advantage. In this game, each guest gets a card with randomized Superbowl commercial terms on it. Then, as commercials are played, guests cross off and/or drink when one of their types of commercials is shown. Have some other party ideas to share? Or a great Super Bowl party story to tell? Write the comments below!

Building a Wireless Sensor Network Essay Example for Free (#6)

Building a Wireless Sensor Network Essay 1.0 Introduction In the previous era, the technology application mostly using wire but now a wireless device has become common place. The definition of wireless sensor network is an application that having no wires connection on that devices. In addition, to make the system easy to monitor from a distant location, the RF 433MHz module was used. So, this project gave rise to the idea for studying details about the RF 433MHz module performance for WSN application. 1.1 Project Background Nowadays, using the wireless sensor network (WSN) technology to monitor the environment helps someone to solve the problems of deployment difficulty, high cost, and realized unmanned monitoring which is mostly used in factory, buildings, laboratory and house. This project is to study the range and performance of the RF 433MHz module for WSN application. RF 433MHz module are popular used in remote control system. This range also available to use in this area. There are two types of the RF module which is transmitter and receiver. From research, using RF 433MHz module, the data can get more accurately without any data losses with the range that given than compared to other transmission for wireless sensor network. The range that can reach by this RF module is different between outside and inside area. For inside area, it can work for 50 meters through multiple walls with an antenna, while for the outside area, it will be able for hundreds of meters. Besides that, a microcontroller such as Arduino also used in this project. Arduino that available for this project is Arduino PRO which is it has 3.3V port that will be easier to connect directly to the types of RF 433MHz module that used in this project. This project also will be studied the analysis of the data transmission by giving a few of distance between the transmitter and receiver of the RF 433MHz modules when located in the obstacles or line of sight area. Then, the data that are received will be displayed on the computer whether there are data losses or not. 1.2 Problem Statement The problem that becoming as issues right now is there is a lot of ways to send data but the problem is about the range, cost, and data losses. So, for this situation, study the performance of RF 433MHz can overcome the problem for the WSN application. The objectives of this project are to understand the range and performance of RF 433MHz module. Moreover, exploration about the transmitting and receiving the data by using the RF 433MHz module. 1.4 Work Scope The main work scope of this project is to make sure this project will achieve the objectives. The main focus of this project:- i. To study and understanding the range of RF 433MHz module. ii. To transfer data by using RF 433MHz module. 1.5 Methodology In this project, there are three main parts. For the first part, it will be focused on the conducting the literature review and do some research more detail about the RF 433MHz module. Meanwhile, for the second part, after the software development process, the hardware development process will take over and include the testing of the project. Last part, when the hardware and software complete their part, it will be followed by testing the performance and the operation of the project to make an analysis. 1.6 Report Structure This part will explain all the flow for completing this report and project. In this report, there are five chapters. Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter will introduce the background of the project, state the problems, clear about the objectives, scope of work, planned the methodology and structure of report to make it organized. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter will be explained more details about all the research that have been done. Then, the summarization for the project also will be attached to this chapter to make it clear. Chapter 3: Methodology The methodology is the procedures or steps when doing this project. The simulation, analysis, and evaluation of the project will be discussed in this chapter. This method is important because from here the flow of the process for the project will be updated. Chapter 4: Expected Results The expected results in the software or hardware will be stated in this chapter. The comparisons and improvements of this project will be described here. Analysis of the results also will be discussed here. Chapter 5: Conclusion In this chapter, to make a conclusion for all the summary of this project was collected in each part can be discussed in the conclusion. Building a Wireless Sensor Network. (2018, Apr 18). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

How do celebrities economically serve the celebrity industry and also Essay

How do celebrities economically serve the celebrity industry and also develop their public personas as commercial assets - Essay Example While the public idolizes or criticizes the stories that they are told by the media, the product that is available for sale in association to the celebrity is given advertising that is associated with that individual. Celebrity is an economic status that drives an industry behind a brand and an identity. As quoted from Todd Gitlin, in Understanding Celebrity by Graeme Turner, the celebrity is the â€Å"familiar strangerâ€Å". A celebrity is someone who has probably never been in the physical presence of a fraction of the people who know his or her name, yet the intimate details of that life is publicized for public consumption as though those details were as important as family and friends. The concept of publicity, both positive and negative creates a media image that defines someone by virtue of information that appears real and tangible, but is essentially no more real than the characterization in a book or in a movie. Stories told are creations of writers and photographers. The importance is not emphasizing truth, but maximizing sales, sometimes at the expense of Celebrity is not based on talent or professional achievement. In fact, â€Å"the modern celebrity may claim no special achievements other than the attraction of public attention† (Graeme, pg. 3). Celebrity status is achieved by the churning of public interest manufactured by media attention. Sometimes this attention is desired, and in other times the attention becomes a machine that cannot be stopped, destroying and re-creating with a will of its own. Who a celebrity is in private is not nearly relevant to the creation of the persona in public. This is the essence of celebrity - that it is created, either by will or momentum. One example of both doctrines being applied is the case of Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt. When Brad Pitt was married to Jennifer Aniston and chose to leave her for his co-star of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Angelina Jolie, a media storm that has yet to quell

Business research skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business research skills - Essay Example conomies around the world saw a booming trend and governments in different nations began to play a larger role in American workers pay determination and remuneration. The American government soon ratified the Act Executive order 11246, Title 7 of equal pay within the Civil Rights Act of 1963 (Noe, et al., 2003). In this context, one can cite the case of Nigeria, where Decree of 1987 provided for details of workmen compensation wherein all businesses and companies had to give a workman’s compensations coverage that was designed for the benefit of employees even in case of any injury or incapacity to work while being on the job. The Decree was modified and followed by the Reform Act in 2003, which made it mandatory for companies to have a life insurance policy for each employee, working in favour of employees. Such insurance was to account for a minimum of 3 times the total gross emolument of the employee compensation (Bernadin, 2007). Compensation has a significant effect on success of any organization. This comes through with the treatment of employees as a capital investment. The company should focus towards improvement of their skills and productivity along with the comprehensive human element in the workplace. The prime objective of the compensation design program was to divide the entire compensation format into two basic groups, which were the direct compensation group and the indirect compensation group. Direct compensation is related to direct wages and salaries, while indirect compensation relates to benefits that are enjoyed by workers from the company. It was devised by Cascio (2003) that integration of the two formats contributes towards attainment of organizational goals through employee motivation and content. The term compensation might have quite a few meanings through its diverse attempts to conceptualisation; however, it is usage of the concept that holds more importance. According to views presented by Armstrong and Brown, (2001) it can be

Dangers of social networking for employees Research Paper

Dangers of social networking for employees - Research Paper Example However, social networks also brought many challenges in the organizational world. The misuse of social networks by the employees is causing big headache to the organizational world. Employees are spending too much time in front of the social networks and failing to complete their routine works in time. They are providing vital company information to the competitors knowingly or unknowingly through social networks. Competitors are exploiting the possibilities of social networks to know the business secrets of organizations through employees. It is necessary for the organisations to regulate the activities of employees in social networks. The traps existing in the social networks are unaware to many of the employees. Employees should be encouraged or trained to use the social network in a judicious manner while working in an organization. This paper analyses the dangers raised by social networks to the employees. Dangers of social networking for employees (Tomexy, 2011) At the time of introduction of social networks such as twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Skype etc, nobody thought that it may affect human life as it does now. Initially the purposes of social media were; spending leisure time, relaxation, enjoyment and instant communication etc. However, after few years from introduction, social media have changed everything. It is difficult to describe the influence of social media on current human life in few words. Virtually, all the segments of current human life are influenced by social media now. Irrespective of culture, race, gender, age or socioeconomic background, people from all parts of the world are interested in social media activities. However, teenagers and employees are more active in social media websites. Social media bring lot of opportunities to the business people and teenagers. At the same time, it brings lot of challenges also. Business is one segment in which social media brings lot of opportunities as well as challenges. Social netwo rking marketing spending has been increased a lot in the past. According to a report, it has increased from $884 million to $2.34 billion in between the period 2007-2009 (Dickey & Lewis, 2010, p.140). Currently, organizations are utilizing social media not only for the recruitment of employees, but also for marketing products and services as well. Social media brought lot of opportunities to the employee community. It is easy for them to share their thoughts and relieve their personal and professional stresses through social networks. However, there are plenty of dangers hiding in social media for an employee. Many of the social media savvy employees in the past suffered a lot from social media. If not used judiciously and carefully, social media can bring more harm than good to an employee. This paper analyse the dangers involved in social media as far as an employee is concerned. Discussion Unlike many other media or channels of communication, social media has the ability to furni sh two-way communication. It should be noted that television and newspaper like communication channels are incapable of helping people in interacting each other instantly. Instant two way communication is good as well as bad as a far as employee is concerned. Instant two way communication helps employees to get the feedback or vital information from the other end quickly and take decisions based on that. However, while performing two way communication, employees often forget about the value of time and they may forget other important matters as well. Most of the employees engage in casual talks with others along with the professional matters while they use social media for communication. Casual talks often end up in waste of

Amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Amazon - Essay Example Amazon remains focused on providing convenience and excellence in customer service, much of which is promoted with the assistance of technologies. The company’s internal culture is aligned to respond and adapt to changing market conditions, giving the business a significant competitive advantage over other rivals. 2. The features of Amazon’s strategy Amazon is a leader in understanding its target market characteristics and then adjusting the organisational culture, products and services, and marketing strategies to appeal to these known characteristics. Amazon has identified three market segments that the business will service, including consumer customers, seller customers, and developer customers. It is a very customer-centric organisational model that seeks, primarily, growth as an objective. Amazon accomplishes this by establishing a pricing structure under a price leadership strategy, offering a vast assortment of merchandise, and injecting convenience into the bus iness model (Stockport 2010). The business’ vision to be the most consumer-centric business in its industry reflects how Amazon continues to develop strategies, both corporate-level and business-level, to ensure that it fulfils these promises for focus on providing value to its many diverse markets. One method of promoting this value and convenience is the recent program entitled Frustration-Free Packaging, which was designed to ensure consumers could easily remove their products from Amazon’s packaging. Cloud computing, additionally, provides its developer customers with low-cost IT services and the ability to outsource many business functions for further cost-savings. The continual development of new services, such as the MP3 Music Store, IMDb.com allowing for television program viewing, and launch of the Office Supplies Store in 2008, illustrates the constant evolution of the business model that caters to a wide variety of target markets with varying needs. Innovati on, as compared to competition, is what makes this business model difficult to replicate by rivals and secures the promises of being consumer-centric that makes up the foundation of corporate strategy. 3. Analysis of Amazon’s internal environment Amazon’s CEO, Jeff Bezos, is a firm believer in corporate frugality. In the company’s headquarters, this thrift is evident with employee desks that have been recycled from doors, at an estimated cost of $130 USD and monitors that rest on telephone books to avoid the high costs of stands (University of Graz 2013). Amazon maintains very powerful competitive advantage as it relates to human capital, having established a firm set of values and a shared vision that allows for decentralised business function for better teamwork and interpersonal relationship development. In order to develop the appropriate service culture necessary for Amazon to achieve its mission of consumer-centrism, the organisation must have leadership t hat is visionary, one that establishes and iterates mission and vision, and inspire others through positive and ethical leadership traits (Fairholm 2009). Figure 1: Internal Competency Framework Success factors for internal efficiency Figure 1 illustrates the six competencies of the internal organisational culture at Amazon that contribute to fulfilment of the customer-centric mission and vision. The decentralised structure provides employees with opportunities to engage socially and professionally to establish a team culture that is flexible and where knowledge transfer is part of the organisational model with tacit and explicit knowledge holders in multiple divisions of the business model. Coupled with a cultural attitude for reducing overhead (the Amazon frugality culture), the business is able to devote more resources

Analytical Study on the Issues Related to Gun Control Essay

Analytical Study on the Issues Related to Gun Control - Essay Example The issue of gun control is augmented with the present tendencies of using handguns by the civilians and students, who cause for much havoc among the people. The sniper shootings in America have made a deep threat among the civilians in America. In such circumstances it is worthwhile to redefine the American democratic system with its application in the present issue. Therefore, this essay tries to analyze the issue of gun control with the democratic features of pluralism, stratificationism and hyper pluralism. The Issues related to Gun control in America show a specialty of the democratic aspect, that is, Pluralism. There are different notions regarding gun control in America. The BBC reports, â€Å"Americans now appear equally split between urban liberals who want gun control and tough environmental controls, and country dwellers who oppose abortion on demand and support hunting with guns† (BBC News). Some of the states like California, Illinois, New York and the District of Columbia support some sort of control in gun rights. The states like Washington, Florida and Texas stand for the gun rights. In the states like Alaska and Arizona the concealed carry laws are so simple and so everyone can have guns. The gun control has been viewed differently by Democratic Party and Republican Party. The Democratic Party stands for the gun control measures whereas the Republican Party stands against the gun control (BBC News). So it can be stated that the issue of gun control is a partisan issue. Some states, some groups and some political parties support gun control whereas some, on the other side, critically object it. The gun control in the country remains to be a sharply attacked by the gun lobby prevalent in America. NRA (National Rifle Association) is the most powerful lobby arguing for the citizens’ rights of gun. It adheres to the Bill of Rights as put forward by the 2nd Amendment which ensures the citizens to possess gun. The gun lobbyists in Americ a stand as a supreme interest group in America projecting the dominance of interest groups in American democracy. The bill on gun control was presented in the different Houses of the state but was denied support by taking the 2nd Amendment of the Constitution which states that every American citizen has the right to protect his/her life from others, and therefore, the Constitution gives him the right to bear arms. This constitutional right could not be changed even in the modern scenario due to the influence of the gun lobbyists. The Second Amendment of American Constitution stands for the rights for guns. It ensures the citizens’ rights to own the firearms. The modern incidents of mass killing by the firearms have made the people to rethink about the excessive use of guns in America. The mass killing 32 innocent people on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University at Virginia, and the similar incidents at various parts of the country, have put the stat es to regulate on the use of guns by the civilians. The proposal of the states to ban gun was thoroughly failed by the influence of gun lobbies in America. In America around 145 groups are arguing for the gun culture and NRA is having the most influence of these all. The Pluralistic aspect of democracy has excessively played its role on this issue. Pluralism is a

Dangers of social networking for employees Research Paper

Dangers of social networking for employees - Research Paper Example However, social networks also brought many challenges in the organizational world. The misuse of social networks by the employees is causing big headache to the organizational world. Employees are spending too much time in front of the social networks and failing to complete their routine works in time. They are providing vital company information to the competitors knowingly or unknowingly through social networks. Competitors are exploiting the possibilities of social networks to know the business secrets of organizations through employees. It is necessary for the organisations to regulate the activities of employees in social networks. The traps existing in the social networks are unaware to many of the employees. Employees should be encouraged or trained to use the social network in a judicious manner while working in an organization. This paper analyses the dangers raised by social networks to the employees. Dangers of social networking for employees (Tomexy, 2011) At the time of introduction of social networks such as twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Skype etc, nobody thought that it may affect human life as it does now. Initially the purposes of social media were; spending leisure time, relaxation, enjoyment and instant communication etc. However, after few years from introduction, social media have changed everything. It is difficult to describe the influence of social media on current human life in few words. Virtually, all the segments of current human life are influenced by social media now. Irrespective of culture, race, gender, age or socioeconomic background, people from all parts of the world are interested in social media activities. However, teenagers and employees are more active in social media websites. Social media bring lot of opportunities to the business people and teenagers. At the same time, it brings lot of challenges also. Business is one segment in which social media brings lot of opportunities as well as challenges. Social netwo rking marketing spending has been increased a lot in the past. According to a report, it has increased from $884 million to $2.34 billion in between the period 2007-2009 (Dickey & Lewis, 2010, p.140). Currently, organizations are utilizing social media not only for the recruitment of employees, but also for marketing products and services as well. Social media brought lot of opportunities to the employee community. It is easy for them to share their thoughts and relieve their personal and professional stresses through social networks. However, there are plenty of dangers hiding in social media for an employee. Many of the social media savvy employees in the past suffered a lot from social media. If not used judiciously and carefully, social media can bring more harm than good to an employee. This paper analyse the dangers involved in social media as far as an employee is concerned. Discussion Unlike many other media or channels of communication, social media has the ability to furni sh two-way communication. It should be noted that television and newspaper like communication channels are incapable of helping people in interacting each other instantly. Instant two way communication is good as well as bad as a far as employee is concerned. Instant two way communication helps employees to get the feedback or vital information from the other end quickly and take decisions based on that. However, while performing two way communication, employees often forget about the value of time and they may forget other important matters as well. Most of the employees engage in casual talks with others along with the professional matters while they use social media for communication. Casual talks often end up in waste of

Analytical Study on the Issues Related to Gun Control Essay

Analytical Study on the Issues Related to Gun Control - Essay Example The issue of gun control is augmented with the present tendencies of using handguns by the civilians and students, who cause for much havoc among the people. The sniper shootings in America have made a deep threat among the civilians in America. In such circumstances it is worthwhile to redefine the American democratic system with its application in the present issue. Therefore, this essay tries to analyze the issue of gun control with the democratic features of pluralism, stratificationism and hyper pluralism. The Issues related to Gun control in America show a specialty of the democratic aspect, that is, Pluralism. There are different notions regarding gun control in America. The BBC reports, â€Å"Americans now appear equally split between urban liberals who want gun control and tough environmental controls, and country dwellers who oppose abortion on demand and support hunting with guns† (BBC News). Some of the states like California, Illinois, New York and the District of Columbia support some sort of control in gun rights. The states like Washington, Florida and Texas stand for the gun rights. In the states like Alaska and Arizona the concealed carry laws are so simple and so everyone can have guns. The gun control has been viewed differently by Democratic Party and Republican Party. The Democratic Party stands for the gun control measures whereas the Republican Party stands against the gun control (BBC News). So it can be stated that the issue of gun control is a partisan issue. Some states, some groups and some political parties support gun control whereas some, on the other side, critically object it. The gun control in the country remains to be a sharply attacked by the gun lobby prevalent in America. NRA (National Rifle Association) is the most powerful lobby arguing for the citizens’ rights of gun. It adheres to the Bill of Rights as put forward by the 2nd Amendment which ensures the citizens to possess gun. The gun lobbyists in Americ a stand as a supreme interest group in America projecting the dominance of interest groups in American democracy. The bill on gun control was presented in the different Houses of the state but was denied support by taking the 2nd Amendment of the Constitution which states that every American citizen has the right to protect his/her life from others, and therefore, the Constitution gives him the right to bear arms. This constitutional right could not be changed even in the modern scenario due to the influence of the gun lobbyists. The Second Amendment of American Constitution stands for the rights for guns. It ensures the citizens’ rights to own the firearms. The modern incidents of mass killing by the firearms have made the people to rethink about the excessive use of guns in America. The mass killing 32 innocent people on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University at Virginia, and the similar incidents at various parts of the country, have put the stat es to regulate on the use of guns by the civilians. The proposal of the states to ban gun was thoroughly failed by the influence of gun lobbies in America. In America around 145 groups are arguing for the gun culture and NRA is having the most influence of these all. The Pluralistic aspect of democracy has excessively played its role on this issue. Pluralism is a

Bacteria and Living Organism Parasites Essay Example for Free

Bacteria and Living Organism Parasites Essay Describe what is meant by infection and colonisation. Infection – is an invasion to body tissues from a disease- caused microorganism. Colonisation – is multiplication of microorganisms without tissue invasion or damage. Explain what is meant by â€Å"systemic infection and localized infection† Systemic – is when infection is distributed throughout the whole body. Localized – is when infection is limited to a specific part of the body. 2. 5 Identify poor practises that may lead to the spread of infection. If you don’t wash your hands, not wearing personal protective clothing, not clearing surroundings, not covering your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough. Understand the transmission of infection. Explain the conditions needed for the growth of microorganisms. Microorganisms need something to feed on such as dairy products, raw eggs and uncooked fish. Moisture- the microorganisms will not grow in dry conditions. Warmth/ temperature – there are two types that grow in low temperatures and some that grow in high temperatures. Psychorphiles will grow in less than 20c and thermophiles which will grow above 45c. Time – with the right food, moisture and temperature the microorganisms will divide in to two every 20minutes. . 7 Explain the ways an infective agent might enter the body. Main ways are through the mouth, lungs, cuts , touch and other external organs such as eyes also they can enter through genitals and mixing body fluids.   Identify common source of infection. Infections can be spread and caught though having contact with another person who has the infection or even some infections can be air bourn Explain how infec tive agents can be transmitted to a person. Transmitting infections can be done in different ways such as coughing and sneezing on someone, touching an infected person including sexual contact, touching contaminated surfaces, contaminated food, or if microorganisms can remain in the air for long periods of time. 3. 10 Identify the key factors that will make it more likely that infection will occur. It is most likely to occur when a person has a low immune system, is on long term antibiotics or has bad hygiene when treating a wound.

Poppers Falsifiability As A Criterion Of Demarcation

Poppers Falsifiability As A Criterion Of Demarcation The problem of demarcation has long preoccupied philosophers of science who wished to differentiate pseudo-science from science itself. Many solutions have been attempted, but it is still, in my opinion, Poppers falsfiability which addresses the demarcation problem most effectively. This paper will therefore argue for a revised use of falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation. To argue this point, a clear explanation of Poppers falsfiability criterion will be attempted, as well as an examination of the criticisms falsifiability has received, specifically in relation to the Duhem-Quine problem and Kuhns problem of incommensurability. This paper will then conclude with a discussion of ad hoc modifications and ultimately demonstrate that falsifiability can convincingly demarcate science from pseudo-science. Early on in his book Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge, Popper notes that the Logical Positivists differentiated science from pseudo-science by its empirical method; in other words they believed that science relied on induction from experience while non-scientific disciplines did not. This, according to Popper, was untrue, since fields such as astrology, a pseudo-science, also used induction from observation to justify their claims, relying on things such as horoscopes, biographies, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Unsatisfied, Popper notes that although some pseudo-scientific claims might be just as truthful as scientific ones, the problem of demarcation needed to be solved so that philosophers, scientists and the public alike could distinguish scientific theories from those which merely pretended to be scientific. Verifiability was seen as a solution to the problem of demarcation for philosophers such as Wittgenstein, but not for Popper, whoargued that pseudo-scientists relied very much on verifiability in order to convince their peers of the scientific status of their theories. This point is illustrated in Poppers anecdote in which Alfred Adler supports his theory of inferiority feelings by his thousand-fold experience. This personal experience convinced Popper that the very ability of pseudo-scientific theories, such as Marxism and Freudianism, to incessantly confirm their predictions, in other words with overwhelming verifiability, was in fact the strongest argument against them. Verifiability, therefore, could not be an adequate criterion of demarcation. Before further exploring Poppers explanation of falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation, it is important to draw a distinction. While Popper uses the terms falsifiability and testability interchangeably, this paper will not. Falsifiability, in this paper, will be seen as the possibility of a concept being both theoretically and practically falsifiable, while testable will be restricted to things only falsifiable in practice. This distinction is important as it entails that, if falsifiability is to be used a criterion of demarcation, theories which can only be falsified in theory, such as Newtons second law, can in fact reach scientific status. Indeed, although there is no place in the universe in which no forces will be exerted on a body, Newtons second law remains falsifiable (not testable) and therefore can still be viewed as scientific. Testability would be too restricting as a criterion of demarcation. Popper explains that the value of falsifiability lies in its risk. If a theory is falsified, it is subsequently refuted by the scientific community. Pseudo-sciences, it is argued, attempt to avoid falsifiability either by providing unfalsifiable predictions or destroying their falsifiability through ad hoc modifications, a procedure he calls a conventionalist twist. The first case, that is providing unfalsifiable predictions, is exemplified in Poppers view of Astrology. Astrology makes predictions and prophecies in such a vague manner, that it is impossible to falsify their predictions. For example, predicting that today Libras will counter an emotional block in one of their long term goals is not falsifiable: practically any event can be interpreted as an emotional block in a long-term goal. By escaping falsifiability, astrology has in fact prevented itself from reaching scientific status. Poppers second remark on pseudo-sciences, that it is about those which escape falsifiability through ad hoc modifications, has been much more controversial, inspiring much criticism from other philosophers of science. However, before addressing the issue of ad hoc modification, this paper will address the criticisms of falsifiability known as the Duhem-Quine problem and Kuhns problem of incommensurability in order to prove a much needed revision of Poppers falsifiability. The Duhem-Quine problem is a strong criticism of Poppers falsifiability. It was first proposed in Pierre Duhems The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory. The Duhem-Quine problem revolves around the idea of holism, which explains that any given system, such as a proposed scientific theory, relies heavily on its components ability to work together as a group. Duhem proposes that the theories of physics cannot be tested in isolation, as the testing theories of physics themselves require the use of auxiliary hypotheses, a stance known today as confirmation holism. This argument can effectively be extrapolated to all the sciences, thus entailing that the testing of scientific theories relies on the use of materials and methods which themselves rely on other theories. For example, when testing a theory that predicts the position of certain stars, one uses a telescope, a tool built on the assumption that our theories on electromagnetic radiation are both correct and accurate. The Duhem-Quin e problem thus proposes that the testing of isolated theories is impossible, a proposition which can be seen as an attack on the use of falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation between scientific and pseudo-scientific theories. The act of falsifying can be understood as comparing a theorys predictions to the results of experimentation. If the theorys predictions are found to be different from the experimentation results, the theory is falsified. This is problematic for subscribers to confirmation holism who accept the fact that falsifying a theory can only establish that there is an error in either the theory or our background assumptions, and not where, or even what, the error is. Therefore, if it is assumed that the testing of any theory relies on many different background theories, all scientific theories could escape falsification by simply transferring the error to its background theories. Referring back to the telescope example, if a theory inaccurately predicted the position of Pluto, this theory could escape falsification simply by stating that the error lies not in its prediction but within the theory of electromagnetic radiation. This is problematic for Poppers use of falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation as the falsification of an isolated scientific theory would be impossible. This, in turn, would mean that the testing of theories, scientific or pseudo-scientific, holds the inherent characteristic of escaping falsification, making falsification an impossible criterion of demarcation. To answer the Duhem-Quine problem, Poppers use of falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation must be revised. It must be conceded that the process of testing a scientific theory in isolation is unfeasible, as our methods of testing themselves rely on background assumptions. Yet, it does not make falsifiability obsolete as a criterion of demarcation, just more exhaustive. Unlike as Popper had suggested, it is not sufficient for a theory to be falsifiable for it to be scientific. All isolated theories, scientific or pseudo-scientific, attempt to escape falsification by pegging the source of error on the background assumptions of testing. Moreover, it is not adequate to propose that all background assumptions upon which the testing of a theory is based must also be falsifiable in order for that theory to be scientific, as this would be too restricting. Every theory is built upon an infinite number of assumptions, a problem analogous to underdeterminism, and inevitably all theories wou ld be pseudo-scientific. For example, the testing of Newtons laws of motions is based on the unfalsifiable assumption that the human observation of motion is accurate. It is for this reason that I believe scientific theories must not be viewed as isolated propositions, but rather as part of a scientific system which requires the provision of at least one falsifiable method of testing. This is a criterion which the pseudo-science of astrology, for example, fails to meet, as astrology provides no falsifiable method of testing its predictions, while Newtons laws provide falsifiable equations (ex: F=ma) as a method of testing its predictions. It is thus concluded that only scientific systems are falsifiable. Another criticism of Poppers falsifiability has been the argument that falsification does not produce an accurate picture of science, that falsificationist methodologies incorrectly depict science as a sort of pyramid of knowledge, where scientific knowledge is accumulated over time (brick by brick) to provide an ever-progressing image of how the universe works (the pyramid itself). This view of science, heavily endorsed by Karl Popper, is the subject of criticism in Thomas Kuhns book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, where the l[?] problem of incommensurability is introduced. Thomas Kuhn argues that science, as a historical discipline, is in reality not an accumulation of knowledge, but rather a collection of normal science and scientific revolutions. In order to fully appreciate Kuhns argument, it must first be understood what Kuhn meant by paradigm. For Kuhn, a paradigm stands for the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques and so on shared by the members of a given community (Kuhn 175) in this case, the scientific community. Kuhn defines normal science as the period where scientists methodologies and goals are unified within a paradigm; Aristotelian physics would, for example, be a period of normal science where scientists agreed on sciences goal and methodology. Establishing this, Kuhn then proceeds to label science-as-accumulation as a myth. It is argued that different periods of normal science are incommensurable: they cannot understand each other methodologies, goals, taxonomy, etc. and as such, science cannot be seen as progressive di scipline, seeing that its history is simply a collection of different methods, goals and values which have irrationally changed over time. [Scientists] neither test nor seek to confirm the guiding theories of their paradigm (Bjà ¸rhusda) but simply adhere to the rules of science within their paradigm. If this view is accepted, it must be concluded that falsification could not demarcate science from other disciplines, such as the pseudo-sciences, as science is seen not as a discipline requiring falsifiability, but rather a discipline which solely adheres to ever-changing regulations, goals and methodologies. This problem of incommensurability across different paradigms poses a serious problem to Poppers use of falsifiability as criterion of demarcation, although it might not be seen at first. If it is accepted that the goals, regulations and methods of science are ever-changing, falsifiability cannot be viewed as a fixed requirement of science, much less a criterion of demarcation. After all, how could falsifiability provide us with an accurate picture of science if scientific theories do not hold permanently the unchanging desire to be falsifiable? Once again, a revision of Poppers use of falsificationism as a criterion of demarcation is needed. Although I do recognize that the history of science is, to a certain degree, a collection of incommensurable paradigms, I do not believe that the history of science is a correct representation of science as a discipline. I would argue that science is in reality a normative concept, and more of a goal than a historical accumulation of theories. Many philosophers of science, such as Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn and even Imre Lakatos all mistakenly believed that the history of science and science itself are identical concepts, although in my opinion, the history of science is most accurately described by Imre Lakatos. Imre Lakatos argued that, much like Kuhn, scientists did not produce single, isolated theories throughout time, but rather worked within research programs (a concept very similar to Kuhns paradigms). In an attempt to reconcile Poppers falsificationist approach to science with Kuhns incommensurability, Lakatos argued that the history of science was actually the process of falsifying research programmes. In this view, the problem of incommensurability is rendered insignificant, as research programmes (which are substantially equivalent to paradigms) are not required to be commensurable, as each is falsified along the way. This provides a vision of the history of science as an accumulation of falsifiable knowledge. Nev ertheless, ad hoc modifications were observed by Lakatos as being a part of the history of science, and inadvertently attributed to science itself. Although Lakatos history of science approach is eloquent, it is incorrect in assuming that since ad hoc modifications are present in the history of science then ad hoc modifications must be a part of science itself. Ad hoc modifications are undoubtedly a part of the history of science, but they are not part of science as a discipline as they do not conform to sciences normative goals. To illustrate this point, Einsteins formulation of the cosmological constant may be used as an example. In order to justify his Theory of General Relativity, Einstein required a static universe one that [would] stand(s) still and (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) not collapse under the force of gravity in a big crunch (Texas AM University). In order to support this claim, Einstein proposed an ad hoc modification, his cosmological constant, a move he later recalled as his greatest blunder. It is here that the distinction between the history of science and science as a discipline can be seen. In truth, over the course o f history, scientists like Albert Einstein have practiced science in many different ways. They have used ad hoc modification to support their theories, a mistake which has been practiced by scientists and pseudo-scientists alike. But science as a discipline is separate from its history, as it is a normative goal which has employed the use of scientific systems, that is, of falsifiable theories and testing methods, in order to gain valuable inductive knowledge about the universe around us, something that pseudo-sciences have not. To conclude, Poppers falsifiability, although convincing, requires [considerable] revision in order to be used as a criterion of demarcation. Indeed, it should be understood that science is a normative discipline where falsifiability is required and where planned modifications take precedence over ad hoc modifications, unlike pseudo-science which satisfies itself in confirming predictions. It should also be understood that this paper does not provide a complete description of science, as many questions remain. Perhaps the most glaring, which was not discussed in this paper due to length constraints, is the problem of how to falsify statements such as all metals conduct electricity, a problem posed by Carl Hempel. Finally, although falsifiability is a requirement of science, it is simply one criterion in a whole set of criteria which distinguish the discipline of science from pseudo-science in a normative attempt to create knowledge through falsifiable scientific systems.

Comparing War in the Poems, Dulce et Decorum est and Who’s for the Game

The two poems, 'Dulce et decorum est' and 'Who's for the game?' are both very different war poems. Although they were both written about the First World War, they both had different purposes. The poems have aspects in which they are similar, but they also have very big differences. One similarity between the two poems is that they both have titles which express positive feelings about war. However, the titles are both used in different ways; 'Who's for the game?' is an extended metaphor, as it is repeated again during the poem, ‘Who’s for the game, the biggest that’s played†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Also it is comparing the war to a game, which is a euphemism as well as a metaphor. It is a euphemism because war is a very serious, dangerous matter; whereas a game is something that people enjoy and never get seriously injured in. By using this euphemism, Jessie Pope - the poet – lessens the severity of war, and makes her readers’ think of it as enjoyable, and something that they want to do. On the other hand, 'Dulce et decorum est' is quite a sarcastic and ironic title. 'Dulce et decorum est' literally translates as ‘It is sweet and fitting’, and it is a quote from the Roman poet Horace. It is repeated in the last line of the poem, which is ‘†¦Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori.’ This means ‘It is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country.’ But in Wilfred Owen’s opinion it is a lie, because during his poem he expresses his feelings on war, and gives the impression that you shouldn’t go. ‘And flound’ring like a man in fire or lime†¦ Dim, through the misty panes and think green light, as under a green sea, I saw him drowning.’ This is showing one of the appalling ways in which soldiers in the war can die. Also this man dying is not going to save t... ...ch high zest†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Although he does directly address his reader too, he is saying completely opposite things to Jessie Pope. In conclusion, the two poems, 'Who's for the game?' and 'Dulce et decorum est' treat the war very differently. This is mostly because of the different purposes both poets had for writing them. Jessie Pope was enrolled by the government to write poems for newspapers as part of the propaganda trying to make young men sign up for the army. Whereas Wilfred Owen was a soldier who fought in the war himself, and he wrote 'Dulce et decorum est' as a response to Jessie Pope, because he saw her as a typical unfeeling civilian who was supporting the war from the relative safety of the Home Front. Jessie Pope had a limited viewpoint, never having been on the battlefield herself, whereas Wilfred Owen wrote about his first hand experience in the trenches.

Equal pay act Essay -- essays research papers

Chapter 1: The Scenario   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story begins at a local Wal-Mart super center, its Friday, payday. As employees open their paychecks they are awaiting their annual raise. As one employee, Sue opens up her paycheck she finds she has not yet received a raise; she has waited all year for this raise. She is very sad to find she did not receive one, she begins to think maybe she did something wrong. She starts to think back through the year, and can not seem to come up with any solutions as to why she did not receive one. She really felt she worked especially hard that year in hopes to receive a good raise and really felt she deserved to be recognized for it. In the break room she overhears John, her follow co-worker, bragging to their colleague’s about his second raise. Now John is making $1.25 more per hour than her even though they both have been working at Wal-Mart for two years. They both have the same job descriptions and titles so there should not be differences in their pay. Sue ca n not quite understand why he received two when she only received one. She has seen him numerous times being tardy for work or calling in sick. She knows she is a better worker and is more efficient. Sue recently took a human resource class at Buffalo State College and she remembers learning about a law regarding equal pay. She can’t seem to recall the specifics, so she is determined to look into it further and fix the problem. Chapter 2 Sue: The Victim Sue is a 35 year old divorcee and mother of two young children. For the past ten years or so she has been doing similar work in retail that pays mediocre wages and that have given her good benefits. About two years ago Sue got was laid off from her last job. She applied at many different entry-level positions, as she has no other experience. She does not receive a lot of child support from her ex-husband so Sue relies on the income she brings in to support her and her two children. When Wal-Mart called Sue for an interview, she was so relieved and excited about the opportunity. Wal-Mart hired Sue; she was told that she would start above minimum because of her ten years experience in the field. She was also told that all full-time employees, based upon work performance, receive an annual raise of a dollar each year of their employment. Sue also received a 401k plan. Sue was excited, she hoped to slowl... ...to review stale pay practices will find themselves unable to retain these valuable employees as well as risk being in breach of the federal civil rights laws. It should be encouraged that all employers closely examine their salary policies in order to identify and voluntarily eliminate pay discrepancies based solely on gender. Chapter 7: Sue’s New Lifestyle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After winning her court case and receiving her deserved compensation Sue found another job that would ensure she would never be discriminated by pay again. Sue is a manager at Victoria’s Secret where she feels more comfortable around women like her, and most important of all she is treated the way she should be. Sue also used some of her settlement money to move into a nicer place. She is much happier in an apartment that does not have any water leaks and her children are safer and better cared for. Sue spends her spare time as an advocate for women’s rights. In the end Sue is glad that she spoke up against her mistreatment, and has helped several other women with similar situations where they did not have the courage to speak up. this paper is in the form of a story on the equal pay act