IMF (International Monetary Fund) from 2007 to present using Research Paper

IMF (International Monetary Fund) from 2007 to present using international business perspective - Research Paper Example Globalization has huge implications for companies as it can reduce the cost structure of the companies and bring in improvement in terms of quality of products. Globalization has helped in improving international trade and investment volume as more and more companies have entered in to global market and take the shape of multinational organizations. Earlier US companies used dominate in the field of international exports and FDI. But, with changing world scenario, various European countries, Japan as well as emerging economies like India, China, Korea, etc. have reduced the dominance of USA as they are following the same footprint (Hill, 2010). For example, share of FDI of the companies of developing world have increased from less than 1 percent in 1980 to as high as 15 percent in 2008, while the share of USA based companies have declined from near 40 percent in 1980 to 18 percent in 2008(approximately) (Hill, 2010). The political scenario has also changed in this changed economic si tuation. The political dominance of US is no under great threat in this increasing market economy. Many European countries that were Communist earlier and Some Asian countries have undertaken democratic politics and stressed on building free market economies. Hence, international businesses are getting more and more opportunities to enter these economies that have in turn strengthen these economies. (Hill, 2010) In this globalized world, importance of global institutions has increased significantly in maintaining order in various economical and political fields. IMF is one of such institutes which hold an important position in this changing economic and political environment. In fact, it is helping this process of change by its policies. IMF is responsible for maintaining order and stability in the international monetary system. The performance of international businesses to a large extent depends on the operation of international monetary system. If this system operates properly, t hen, the risks associated with international business operation reduce significantly. This paper will place its focus on some important issues relating to IMF policies and its scandals since 2007 as IMF activities is closely related to the performance of international businesses. (Hill, 2010) Issues and Problems with IMF since 2007: Since 2007, a number of issues relating to IMF activities is worth mentioning as this period corresponds to the recent global financial crisis that has essentially affected internal business. Some of these issues will be looked at in this section. Failure of IMF in the early detection of US sub-prime crisis in 2007: IMF is responsible for maintaining stability in the world monetary system and any kind of crisis that my take place in future so that international businesses become aware of that event and take required steps. But IMF is being blamed for its failure to predict the materialization and severity of the financial crisis that was creates in US (B ennet, 2008). The crisis first emerged in the sub-prime market of US. There was a bubble in the market in 2006 and 2007. The movements in this market were some early sign of the upcoming event of global financial crisis. But, the IMF failed to capture those signals in sub-prime market. It is now being said that lack of technical and analytical capacity of the IMF along with US’s unwillingness to implement surveillance of financial sector by IMF were responsible for IMF’s inability to detect the early signs of the crisis and predict its emergence and severity. (Bennet, 2008; Bossone, 2008b) Changing macroeconomic Policy under global financial crisis: Although IMF failed to predict the recent global

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example – and realize the important link between leadership and success/failure in the chosen path. Hence, I believe that training in the theoretical aspects of personal leadership development would enhance the chances of my success in post-academic life. I define success as a continuing phenomenon of setting goals and achieving them, with each succeeding goal being higher or nobler than the preceding one. Success is a relative term as well, in the sense that it is as much a feeling of self-satisfaction as the recognition that one gains in an organization or society at large. I place great importance on personal probity, teamwork, participation in peripheral fields of activities etc. as the means to achieve success and recognition. Ideally, I wish to work for any organization that reflects my personal beliefs in order that I contribute to it with full sense of participation, and grow along with it. This means that the (your last name) 2 organization must have a good track record of co rporate responsibility, well-respected by the society and enable its employees to blossom to their fullest capabilities. My profession as a retail manager should see me gaining hands-on experience in the initial years, followed by managing teams of juniors in three to five years time and ultimately setting up and running my own business unit in about 8 to 10 years after graduation. Assessing my leadership qualities Without assigning any priority, I consider the following self-assessment assignments as being very useful and revealing: Motivation to lead, Emotional intelligence, Participatory leadership attitude, Leader-member exchange, Self-confidence and Generalized self-efficacy. It is not that I have scored above average in my self-assessment exercises in these fields – rather, the exercises revealed to me my strengths as well as weaknesses. Knowing one’s weaknesses is the first step in learning ways to overcome them. My goals and aspirations as mentioned earlier wou ld demand that I learn to work in a team as a member, build a team and provide leadership to it in due course, handle difficult situations with a balanced approach, and be self-confident and efficient. These are the reasons for me to consider the six selected factors as the most helpful and relevant to my situation. Motivation to lead: I have scored †¦ , taken as the average on the individual dimensions of this exercise like identity-based motivation, noncalculative-based motivation and social normative-based motivation. The exercise helped me to appreciate the vital link between my ambitions and the practical world of dealing with people and their own motivations. Individual scores reflect the gap between what it takes to be a good leader and my present state of (your last name) 3 preparedness to assume leadership role in the real world. My medium-term and long-term goals provide the motivation for me to lead. If I have to realize the aspiration of owning a business in the l ong-term and achieve a measure of success, I should be a good leader to motivate those working for me to contribute their best. Emotional intelligence: I have scored †¦ , taken as the average on the individual dimensions of this exercise, comprising expression, thinking, knowledge and regulation. Having a different level of intelligence from team members, whether higher or lower, is immaterial so long as one can exercise intelligence with prudent emotion. I am certain to

The Century of the Self Essay Example for Free

The Century of the Self Essay The Century of the Self is a British documentary series in four episodes diffused by BBC four in 2002 and art house cinemas in the US. This documentary was written, realized, produced and directed by Kevin Adam Curtis, an English filmmaker, born in 1955. His work is more of a journalistic work than a director work; indeed his works are based on sociology, philosophy and political history. Adam Curtis won various awards like Golden Gate Persistence of Vision Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival in 2005 or the Alan Clarke Award for Outstanding Contribution to Television at the British Academy Television Awards but The Century of the Self is best-known work. The Century of the Self is a documentary talking about the untold and sometimes controversial story of the development of mass consumer society in Britain and the United States. It shows the evolution of the Western individual, traditional rights to the individual consumer, how that created consumer-king, by whom and for whose interests? This film examines how Freud’s theories of the unconscious shaped the development of PR and advertising; and why psychoanalysis may still appear today as a critical theory of consumerism and social conformity. The word  « consumerism  » can be defined in different ways: ? Refers to all doctrines, actions and organizations dedicated to the defense of the interests of consumers. The most common form of consumerism is the consumer association. His actions cover the areas of protection, information, education and the rights of consumers. Refers to an economic ideology. This is a consumer of goods and services that mutate according to the lifestyle of our society. This is a subtle and insidious notion that we then speak of consumer society. Consumerism is, as such, slammed since the late twentieth century, either by the environmental movement or anti- ads . The first episode of the series is devoted to the relationship between Freud and his American nephew, Edward Bernay. Bernay invented the public relations profession in the 1920s and was the first person to use Freuds ideas to anipulate the masses. He showed American corporations how to make people want things they did not need by linking mass production of consumer goods to their inner desires. Bernay was one of the principal architects of persuasive techniques in mass consumption, using all the tricks of legerdemain (â€Å"every trick in the book ), from celebrity endorsement and public relations blows most outrageous, until the autoeroticism. His most famous coup was breaking the taboo of smoking for women by persuading them that smoking was a symbol of independence and freedom. Bernay was convinced that it was more than just a way to sell more consumer goods. It was a new political idea to control the masses. Satisfying unaware that his uncle had identified irrational desires, people could be made happy and thus docile. To conclude I think the century of the self is the most profound documentary I’ve ever seen and it’s unique because of its ability to show how our society became the way it is today, what emerges is nothing less than a history of 20th-century social control. The Century of The Self explains not alone why the country is the way it is, but why you are the way you are.

Role Of Community Radio Cultural Studies Essay

Role Of Community Radio Cultural Studies Essay In this study, the researcher is intended to unveil the impact of community radio on social development in Pakistan. The work at hand will measure the role of existing three community radios RASTA FM 88.6 launched by Punjab Traffic Police in November 2010, PUFM 104.6 launched by Institute of communication studies, University of Punjab in June 2004 and UAF FM 100.4 launched by Agriculture University, Faisalabad in August 2012, out of thirty four. Community has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location (Wikipedia, 2012). Sub-continent, of which Pakistan forms a major chunk, is a part of earth where different religious, ethnic, economic and cultural groups, say communities, are living together at sizeable social distances since long. Before the world shaped itself into Global Village with help of new inventions in the field of media and technologies as Marshal McLuhan declared it in 1964, these groups never had a chance to interact with each other freely, thus giving rise to differences and sense of alienation among them. Pakistan emerged on the map of the world gaining independence from British rule in 1947 and nascent state could not help its communities reduce gap among them. The main factor that kept crippling the nation factor was state-controlled communication that served general masses, but did not voice for the genuine need of variety of communities to come closer to create homogeneity. A s a result, Pakistan faced the first jerk in 1971 when it lost Bangladesh, the then East-Pakistan (Umm-e-Habiba, (2002). The remaining area of Pakistan bears same cultural distribution of people as it had before 1971 as the East Pakistan was a separate part of land of the nation. This diversity in population has turned into serious threat for national integration for the land in recent years as the differences are emerging at a rapid pace in some parts like Baluchistan and Saraiki belt aggrieved by the policies of the ruling class and absence of fora like community radio. Radio by and for the community, be that a physical one or a community of interest, quotes Mary Myers after years of experience and expertise in international media development (CIMA, 2008). He stresses upon the participation of community transforming itself in all aspects. UNESCO report (2001) on Community Radio defines radio as follows; (Cammaerts, 2010). Community broadcasting is a non-profit service that is owned by a particular community, usually through a trust, foundation, or association. Media Act 1995 of Hungry states community radio as non-profit broadcasters and defines its duties in the words to follow that it agrees to serve national, ethnic or other minority goals, cultural aims or a disadvantaged group, or intends to serve as the public life forum of a community, provided it uses financial profit generated by the broadcasting, as recorded separately, solely for the maintenance and development of the broadcasting (Act 1 of 1996, Article 2) (Hungarian Federation of Free Radio, 1992). This definition clears the position of community radio as non-profit entity dedicated to serve a specific group of a geographic location. Right from its origin, community radio is a tool to bridge the gaps between people and their surroundings, whether it is another group or their government. In this scenario, researcher intends to study whether the concept of community radio can help combat these problems where such type of radio in addition to Public Radio and Commercial Radio is invented to serve the stated purpose. For this reason, researcher is keen to explore the impact of already on-aired community radios in different cities of Pakistan. If it is a successful experiment so far, it can save Pakistan from getting into more troubled waters in terms of the exploding factional differences and glue the society together through provision of the highly needed local ventilation of their deep concerns. Objective of the Study: Objectives of the study are; To gauge the role of community radios in educating people towards a healthy society. To study the context and contents of programs being on-aired for the purpose of promoting the sense of social co-existence. To measure the penetration of community radios in serving infotainment needs of listeners. To compare and explore the difference of educational approach of selected community radios. To explore the level of participation of people towards selected community radios. To measure the satisfaction level of listeners of selected community radio. To measure the difficulties faced by selected community radios in terms of technical and financial resources in their effort to educate society. Rationale for the study: The aim of the study is to analyse the efforts of community radios of selected areas of Pakistan in educating people to build a healthy and peaceful society by feeding the need of people for information and right direction by providing them with the desired outlet at local levels. As it is clear from the definition of community radios, it has capacity to change the minds of people in positive direction by serving them and enabling them to know their rights and responsibilities. Cultural preservation, language protection, education of individuals, reducing religious differences, ethnic problems, gender discrimination, digital divide and extremism, enhancing women empowerment, helping disaster management can be done through community radio. It also enhances peoples participation in community development that directly increases their sense of responsibility. It is high time for Pakistan to make its people realize their worth as a member of society where every individual can play a vital role in strengthening the roots of democracy and rule of law. Thus, the role of community radios, if it be run-on philosophical lines behind its emergence, can change the future of country, the reason researcher intends to study and measure the role of selected existing community radios in Pakistan. Scope of Study: Scope of the study is broad based and far reaching. It contemplates deep implications as the concept of community radio can play vital role in fostering social development among the deprived and digitally divided parts of Pakistan. As a developing state, Pakistan needs to address many grave issues out of which educating minds of people towards their role in social development and responsibility towards state are sublime and the most immediate ones. It can be done by airing the voice of the voiceless and broadcasting for grass root level. This study will help evaluate the current scenario of community radios as well as measure community mobilization through them. It will also help media practitioners design future strategy for setting up effective community radio. Literature Review: A literature review is a systematic search and analysis of published information that the scholars and researchers have written on a topic (8). It helps to reduce the chances of duplication along with indicating the direction of your research scope to maximize the reward of research. The study at hand intends to examine the role of community radios in social development of Pakistan. The researcher has planned to explore the following possible sources to sharpen the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of the study. Research Journals Theses Books Online Articles Online books, newspaper magazine articles etc Sharma. K.J. (2003) in his book Digital Broadcasting journalism studies the evolution of community radio in the world. He stresses upon the need of more number of community radios in order to bring people together. He gives example of Radio Mahaweli of Sri Lanka established in 1979 by UNESCO and DANIDA after the launch of construction plan of hydroelectric dam in the area. It helped local community move efficiently to new homes. The six year broadcast of mobile radio played a vital role in smooth and successful movement of a great number of populations. He argues that third world countries specially the African and Asian need to improve the structure of community radios for fighting the hardships and bringing about better growth rate. Tahir. N. S. (2010) in her article Community Radio Still a Tool of Social Change. Still a Far Cry in Pakistan studies the history of radio in Pakistan and discusses the current development of community radios. She calls government dictorial regime of media responsible for slow development of community radios. She fears local ethnic and extremist authorities to misuse these community stations for illegal operations. She concludes that it is right time for the Pakistan to realize the importance of community radios and establish as vast network of the same as possible to curb social evils like extremism corruption. The question of misuse does not stand authentic anymore when a proper authority in the form of PEMRA exists to make sure a well directed and regulated use of community radios. Kanayama. T. (no. 29, 2007, Keio Communication Review highlights the role of community radio. In his research article Community Ties and Revitalization: The Role of Community Radio in Japan he tells how community radio plays a role in revitalizing local community in Japan. With the localism movement, most influential of all in the Japanese campaign for community broadcasting (Radio) was the government information policy in late 1980, which eventually enforced the community broadcasting law in 1992 to provide local information to local people via community radio, also community FM. Since the earth quake of 1995, importance of balanced and timely information of community radio has been realized. Community radio has also played a vital role in motivating people for the construction of new system after the collapse of existing one. It played a role of revitaliser for the community of Japan. Zahid. M. (2007) in his research Role of Radio in Disaster Management. the case study of PUFM 104.6 at Muzafarabad studies the role of radio in disaster management. He takes example of PUFM 104.6 which, after earth quake of 2005, started its services for feeding the information needs of disaster hit people. He concludes his study by declaring radio a successful tool to help fight crises and disasters. He also favours this idea by calling it economical and the quickest way to bridge communication gap in disaster management. Information for development, an international research journal of India that encompasses the role and relevance of ICT (information communication technology) in various development sectors such as rural development, gender, governance, micro-finance, education, health, wireless communication, ICT for poor, local content, culture and heritage and many more published a report on community radio in Pakistan in 2008. This report took into account the history of community radio in Pakistan before and after the establishment of PEMRA. It takes into account the reasons for slow development of community radio in Pakistan and questions PEMRA about it. This report also describes the role of already established commercial and campus radios for training media students. It also highlights the problem of pirates who had been running illegal radio stations in Baluchistan and Azad Jammu Kashmir. It urges PEMRA to play more efficient role in establishing more number of community radios for the welfar e of society. Once again in 2010, AMARC and Pakistan Press Foundation appealed for setting up community radio in flood affected areas in Pakistan. In the statement they said, the authorities have been asked to be flexible and responsive to proposals for the establishment of community based broadcasting mechanisms so that any information gap that exists among the affected people is fulfilled and relief operations are made highly effective. They also acknowledged the role of radio in disaster management and crisis in earth quakes of Haiti and floods of Indonesia. Further, in the advocacy of their appeal they added, There is a need to complement these efforts by bridging the gaps of information at the very local levels and among displaced people. This can be effectively achieved by setting up emergency community radio stations. This appeal was heard and UNESCO, with help of local authorities, established radio stations at the cost of $400,000/-. (15) Pakistan Press Foundation (2012) organised a three days workshop for the training of media professionals to work for the betterment of society. They invited experts and scholars of the time to train media professional to play active role in community development. It was agreed that community radio are playing vital role in improving gender justice and women empowerment. Thus, vowing to spread and strengthen the network of community radios to rural areas as early as possible. IFEX report (2010), reviews the role of its partner foundation of Pakistan called Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF). The report takes into account all activities of PPF to establish visible and effective network of community radios since the Pakistan faced first huge natural calamity of the present century in 2005 in the form of earth quake. IFX appreciates the policies of PPF to help bridge information gap of disaster hit population after they lost all infrastructure of sources of information. Furthermore, this report believes that change is gaining ground after the struggle of PPF and deprived areas and people are now able to receive required information to be useful part of community. It stresses upon the continuity of this effort to maximize it to the maximum possible limit. Theoretical Framework: Stephen Littlejohn Karen Foss (2008) define theory as any organized set of concepts, explanation and principles of some aspects of human experience. (Cited in Baran Davis, 2009, p.11) Theory and research are interrelated to each other in a way that theory is important to conduct a research to provide basic guideline, whereas research helps in constructing, building, modifying or testing theories. The theories used to support this study are the democratization or democratic participant theory. It emphasizes and supports following namely; The medias multiplicity; Local nature of media; Usage of the media in small scale; De-institutionalizing media; Reciprocal part of recipient or communicator; Horizontal media; Involvement and interaction. Democratization / Democratic Participant Media Theorys stapleprinciples are summarized by Mc Quail, in the year 1987. The principles are mentioned below: Minority-groups and individuals must be capable of enforcing the claims made by them for: Freedom of approaching to media. Freedom of asking for the service against the needs, demanded by them, to the media. Medias organization and message content should be designed in such a way that it is not affected by the bureaucratic and political control. Existence of media should be proved in respect of the interests and need of the recipients should not be justified in respect of interests and needs of media entity, professional workers of media or the advertisers. Communities, organizations and groups must own media individually. Participatory, small-scale and interactive types of the media have been considered of more profit in comparison to unidirectional and large-scale media. The latter are taken into use only by professional-media-workers. Generally, needs of the society are not taken into consideration by the well established media. Democratic Participant Media Theoryconsiders communication or mass media as very important and should be managed by the professionals. Democratic-participant theory is in the support of following points: Freedom to associated local data. Freedom for answering back Freedom for using new communication means for the purpose of interaction Freedom of taking social-action in community, subcultures and interest-groups small-scale settings of subcultures and interest group. Research Question Methodology: Research Questions: Do community radios educate people in Pakistan? If so, to what extent? What is level of participation of communities in achieving goals of community radios? Do community radios have enough resources to carry out their functions in Pakistan? Do community radios fulfil infotainment needs of listeners? If so, the extent of fulfilment and loopholes if any. Does content of community radios promote the sense of social co-existence in Pakistan? Hypotheses: H.1. Community radios are efficient tools for educating people of Pakistan. H.2. Community radios are helping bridge gap of infotainment needs of listeners. H.3. Content of community radios is promoting the sense of social co-existence in Pakistan. H.4. Communities are participating in achieving goals of community radios. H.5. Community radios do not have enough resources and facilities to carry out their functions in Pakistan. Methodology: Methodology is a research strategy that translates ontological and epistemological principle into guidelines that shows how research is to be conducted. (Sarantakos, 2005, p.30) To study the the role of community radio in social development in Pakistan. A case study of RASTA FM 88.8, UAF FM 100.4 PUFM 104.6, the researcher will use the survey research method and content analysis. The researcher will make an effort to test the research questions and hypotheses by selecting universe and drawing out an appropriate sample, followed by measurement rules, data presentation and analyses. Methodology: The researcher selects the survey method for the study. Surveys are methods of data collection in which information is gathered through oral or written questioning. Oral questioning is known as interviewing and written questioning is accomplished through questionnaire, which are administered to the respondents by mail or handed to them personally by the researcher in their homes, at work, at school or any other place they are returned to the researcher after completion. These are also known as self-administered or self-completion questionnaire. (Sarantakos, 2005, p.239). The researcher has selected questionnaire as a tool for the collection of data. The proposed research study contains two kinds of questions. Open-ended questions Close-ended questions Open-ended question requires respondents to generate their own answers. (Wimmer Dominick, 2011, p.187). In Close-ended question respondents select an answer from a list provided by the researcher. (Wimmer Dominick, 2011, p.188). The researcher also intends to use the content analysis method as well. Ole Holsti (1969) offers a broad definition of content analysis as any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages. (Holsti, 1969) According to Dr. Klaus Krippendorff (1980 and 2004), six questions must be addressed in every content analysis: Which data are analyzed? How are they defined? What is the population from which they are drawn? What is the context relative to which the data are analyzed? What are the boundaries of the analysis? What is the target of the inferences? The researcher plans to analyze the programs of selected community radios in order to test the hypothesis and research questions to reach final conclusion. Universe: To define the universe is to specify the boundaries of the content to be considered. (Wimmer Dominick, 2003, p.145). The universe of present study is the community radios of Pakistan. Sample: A sample is a subset of the population that is representative of the entire population. (Wimmer Dominick, 2003, p.84). The sample of the present study is listener of selected community radios of Pakistan. The researcher selected three community radios of Pakistan that are following: RASTA FM 88.8, Lahore PUFM 104.6, Lahore UAF FM 100.4, Faisalabad The researcher has selected these radios because Lahore is the capital of Punjab, And Faisalabad is the hub of business of Pakistan where students have better opportunities for educational and all the educational institutes are well equipped with technology, and community radios of these areas are considered efficient in their working for the mobilization of community. Also, the community of these areas is well educated as compared to those of other parts of country and people of these areas are considered to be more efficient and active to play their role for their society. Listeners will be selected through simple random sampling which is a type of probability sampling. Simple random sampling is a sampling, where each subject or unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. (Wimmer Dominick, 2006, P.82) Sample size: The sample of the present study are listeners community radios of Pakistan and the sample size would be 100 respondents from each radio station, so the total sample size would be of 300.

Alice Walker and Everyday use :: essays research papers

February ninth 1944, it was a dark and stormy night†¦ well maybe not. Regardless of the weather this is the date of Alice Walkers birth in Eatonton Georgia. Born to the sharecroppers Willie Lee and Minnie Grant Walker, who had already been blessed (cursed) with seven children, Alice was their eighth and final bundle of joy. She led a fairly normal life till she was eight years old and her elder brother accidentally (or was it?) shot her in the eye with a BB gun. This unfortunate incident caused Alice to lose the use of one eye. An interesting by product of this event was that she ended up with one blue eye and one brown eye. An excellent student, Alice graduated valedictorian of her class and then in 1965 she graduated from the Sarah Lawrence collage for women with a Bachelor of Art degree. During the 1960’s Alice was deeply involved in the civil rights movement. In 1967 Alice married a white human rights lawyer, Mel Leventnal. In 1969 the happy, socially controversial couple were blessed with a daughter, whom they named Rebecca. A year later Alice published her first novel; she was twenty-six years old. But alas, bliss does not last forever, she divorced in 1977. Although, this low point in her life did not keep her from writing. In 1983 she won the Putzler Prize for her novel The Color Purple. Cultural heritage was important to Alice Walker. This is shown repeatedly through out her story Every Day Use. Much of Alice’s own life and heritage can be seen in this excellent example of cultural pride and knowledge. She illustrates quite well that objects cannot define ones culture nor heritage, only attitude, experience, and an understanding of the past can tell where a person comes from. Dee's interest in her heritage can only be described as a passing fad. Only the monetary value of the things she wishes to take mean anything to her. She does not have the skills to use the churn top nor make quilts, such as the ones Mama wishes to give to Maggie. Mama and Maggie have, cherish and use these skills every day, using their heritage. Dee does not see the practical uses of the churn top and the quilts; she sees dollar signs and a rise in social status. She knows virtually nothing of the families past and doesn’t really care.

Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay -- Essays Papers

Joy Luck Club The stories of Suyuan and Jing-Mei Woo reveal some of Amy Tan's main themes in the novel. One important theme is that we must get to know and understand our parents in order to fully understand ourselves. June spends the first half of her life believing that she is a disappointment to her mother and has been unsuccessful in life. However, when she learns more about her mother's past and discovers that her mother is proud of her good heart and concern for others, she realizes that she has accomplished something by doing small things to the best of her ability. She learns that one does not have to be famous, or a genius, or greatly wealthy in order to be successful. Another important theme is that we need to make our own choices in life and find our own life's importance. When June was a child, her mother was constantly pushing her to try different things that she had no interest in. Because she did not care about any of these things, she did not really try to be successful, and theref ore, would never accomplish anything great. We build our own importance in life by deeply caring about something that we choose and putting all of our effort into developing or accomplishing this. The relationship between June and her mother, Suyuan, is far from flawless, yet has the foundation of love that can never be destroyed. There are many misunderstandings between these two women that are unfortunately left unresolved until after Suyuan's death. Amy Tan uses this relationship and all of its complications to teach the readers important themes about life. Ultimately, love between this mother and daughter prevails through all conflict, and even beyond Suyuan's death, when her long-cherished wish of uniting her daughters is fulfilled. The Joy Luck Club: Cutural Differences Between Daughters and Mothers There are numerous conditions in human life that mold people into who they presently are. A person's identity and way of thinking are influenced greatly due to their family's surroundings, and relationships they are involved in. In the novel, The Joy Luck Club, the characters are generic, in the sense that, although they are from different families, the problems and emotions experienced are similar. The daughters are in an on-going search to discover themselves, who they are and what they represent. With their precious mother-daughter bonds, four immig... ...listic needs are not worth pursuing but finding yourself is: "With all these things, I did not care. I had no spirit" (Tan 286). Other times,in trying to instill what is left of the Chinese heritage, the American way of life is blended in, but alas, "I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these two do not mix?" (Tan 289). The characters of the novel, The Joy Luck Club, unravel the intricacies of combining a Chinese heritage with American circumstances and tell of the relationships between mothers and daughters. The strong bond, that is present amongst the characters, will infinitely outlast all obstacles. From each generation, all of the women "are like stairs, one step after another, going up and down, but all going the same way" (Tan 241). There are advantages and disadvantages to growing up with American circumstances, as well as learning and obtaining Chinese character, but one must be chosen over the other to be free. "I think about two faces. I think about my intentions. Which one is American? Which one is Chinese? Which one is be tter? If you show one, you must always sacrifice the other" (Tan 304).

Case study on deviance

Last July 28, 2013, my partner and I are able to understand a person who Is considered as a deviant In this society. HIS sister let us enter Inside the life of his brother and shared to us the process of how he had become an â€Å"outsider† of this society. Julius Bella, our subject, Is a drug addict. In his case, It was clearly not Inherited or an Innate behavior, but It was the Influence of the people around him who drove Julius In the Intake of Illegal drugs.Since Julius ND his family live In an unprivileged area where there were limited resources of good education, we assumed that Julius, in such a young age, was provided little knowledge about the effects of the drugs he took. Only later did he realize the consequences of his actions. Even if his friends' actions were irrational, Julius chose to conform. As Sash's research stated, many people are willing to negotiate their own judgments of right and wrong to avoid being considered as an outcast and different.The theory of differential association introduced by Edwin Sutherland indicated that person's tendency toward conformity or deviance depends on the amount of contact with other who encourages or rejects conventional behavior (Twelfth Edition: Sociology; John J. Macaroni). In this case, the subject spent almost all of his time with his group of friends. Thus, in order to blend in with his friends, Julius had to agree and behave in compliance with his friends' definition of normal; moreover, motive for continued behavior evolves through participation in the behavior in the company of others (http://www. Ms. Du/?Keller/180/Theodore. HTML). Julius never gained to have a second chance in his life. Social control is the attempt by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior (Twelfth Edition: Sociology; John J. Macaroni), and self-control Is under the category of social control. Social control's attempts to manage people's behaviors would not be achievable if the people in it do not have self-co ntrol. Every society has groups of people in charge to regulate peace and order In a society, such as policemen, traffic enforcers, lawmakers, and a lot more.In Julius' area, we presumed that they have fewer policemen than urban areas do, less focused by the government, and fewer people to look out for their behavior. In a small society with weak bonds of social control, the people living there are more likely free to deviate since there would be less chance that they will be restrained. According to social control theory, what causes people to use Illegal drugs Is the absence of social controls promoting conformity. On the other hand, lack of parental guidance Is one of he many causes of low self-control of deviant people.Being neglectful parents could greatly Impact the life of their children since the young ones generally look up to their parents as the role model of their lives. So parents who fail to show care and control is caused by a factor that takes place very early in one 's life, whereas social control can operate more or less throughout one's lifetime (http://higher. McGraw- hill. Com), but in a society, self-control and social control ought to have continuous balance in order to attain organization.